Iyadoo laga jawaabayo dacwadda Midowga Yurub ee "ka-hortagga qashinka" ee ka dhanka ah shirkadaha Shiinaha ee sawir-qaadista, Wasaaradda Ganacsiga ayaa si degdeg ah ugu yeertay afarta shirkadood ee waaweyn ee sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha, oo ay ku jiraan Yingli, Suntech, Trina iyo Canadian Solar, si ay ugala hadlaan tallaabooyinka ka hortagga.Afarta shirkadood waxay soo gudbiyeen "Warbixin Degdeg ah oo ku saabsan Baadhitaanka Ka-hortagga Tuugnimada Midowga Yurub ee Alaabta Sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha, taasoo dhaawac weyn u geysan doonta warshadaha waddankayga.""Warbixinta" waxay ugu yeertay dawladda Shiinaha, warshadaha, iyo shirkadaha inay "saddex-mid-mid" u sameeyaan baaritaanka ka hortagga qashin-qubka ee EU-da oo galaya tirinta 45-maalmood.Si firfircoon uga jawaab oo samee tilaabooyin liddi ku ah.
"Tani waa caqabad aad u daran oo soo food saartay warshadaha tamarta cusub ee Shiinaha ka dib markii Maraykanku uu bilaabay baaritaan 'laba-laaban' ah oo ku saabsan alaabada tamarta dabaysha ee Shiinaha iyo shirkadaha sawir-qaadista."Shi Lishan, oo ah agaasime ku xigeenka waaxda tamarta cusub iyo tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo ee maamulka tamarta qaranka ayaa wareysi uu siiyay wariye, wuxuu ku sheegay in tamarta cusub loo arko inay tahay udub dhexaadka kacaanka warshadaha caalamiga ah ee saddexaad, iyo warshadaha tamarta cusub ee Shiinaha, oo matalaya. by photovoltaics iyo tamarta dabaysha, si xawli ah u horumaray sanadihii la soo dhaafay oo waxay qabatay hogaanka suuqa caalamiga ah.Wadamada Yurub iyo Ameerika ayaa si isdaba joog ah u bilaabay “laba-tallaabo ka hortag ah” oo ka dhan ah tamarta cusub ee Shiinaha.Dusha sare, waa khilaaf ganacsi oo caalami ah, laakiin marka la eego falanqayn qoto dheer, waa dagaal lagu tartamayo fursadaha kacaanka warshadaha caalamiga ah ee saddexaad.
Maraykanka iyo Yurub ayaa si isdaba joog ah u bilaabay tallaabooyin "laba-laaban" oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha, taas oo khatar gelinaysa badbaadada warshadaha sawir-qaadista
24-kii Luulyo, shirkadda Jarmalka ee Solarw orld iyo shirkado kale ayaa cabasho u gudbiyay guddiga Yurub, iyaga oo codsanaya baaritaanka ka hortagga qashin-qubka ee alaabta sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha.Sida habraaca qabo, Midowga Yurub ayaa go'aan ka gaari doona in kiiska lagu xareeyo 45 maalmood gudahood (horraanta Sebtembar).
Tani waa weerar kale oo beesha caalamku ku qaaday wax soo saarka tamarta cusub ee Shiinaha kadib Maraykanka.Markii hore, Waaxda Ganacsiga ee Maraykanku waxay samaysay go'aamo is-daba-joog ah oo ka-hortagga qashin-qubka iyo ka-hortagga qashin-qubka ee Shiinaha ee wax-soo-saarka tamarta dabaysha ee loo dhoofiyo Maraykanka.Waxaa ka mid ah, waajibaadka ka-hortagga qashin-qubka ee 31.14% -249.96% ayaa lagu soo rogay alaabada sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha;Waajibaadka ku meel gaadhka ah ee ka hortagga qashin-qubka ee 20.85%-72.69% iyo 13.74%-26% ayaa laga qaadayaa codsiyada Shiinaha ee munaaradaha dabaysha.Hawlaha ka-hortagga ku-meel-gaadhka ah, heerka cashuurta dhammaystiran ee waajibaadyada labanlaaban ee ka-hortagga ah iyo waajibaadka ka-hortagga waxay gaaraan ugu badnaan 98.69%.
"Marka la barbar dhigo kiis-ka-hortagga qashin-qubka Mareykanka, kiis ka-hortagga qashin-qubka EU-da wuxuu leeyahay baaxad ballaaran, wuxuu ku lug leeyahay xaddi badan, wuxuuna caqabado aad u daran ku hayaa warshadaha sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha."Liang Tian, oo ah agaasimaha xiriirka dadweynaha ee Yingli Group, ayaa u sheegay wariyeyaasha in kiiska ka hortagga qashinka ee Midowga Yurub Kiisku uu daboolayo dhammaan alaabada qorraxda ee Shiinaha.Marka la xisaabiyo iyadoo lagu salaynayo kharashka nidaamka 15 yuan halkii watt ee wax soo saarka sannadkii hore, wadarta guud ee mugga ayaa gaadhay ku dhawaad hal trillion yuan, baaxadda saamaynta ayaa si wayn u korodhay.
Dhanka kale, Midowga Yurub waa suuqa ugu weyn ee dibedda ee alaabada sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha.Sannadkii 2011, wadarta qiimaha alaabada sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha ee dibedda waxay ahayd ku dhawaad US$35.8 bilyan, iyada oo Midowga Yurub ay ku xisaabtameen in ka badan 60%.Si kale haddii loo dhigo, kiiska Midowga Yurub ee ka hortagga qashin-qubka ayaa ku lug yeelan doona qiimaha dhoofinta in ka badan 20 bilyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah, taas oo ku dhow qiimaha guud ee qiimaha Shiinuhu uu ka soo dejiyo EU baabuurta dhamaystiran 2011. Waxay yeelan doontaa saameyn weyn oo suurtagal ah Shiinaha-EU ganacsiga, siyaasadda iyo dhaqaalaha.
Liang Tian waxa uu aaminsan yahay in marka la dhiso kiis ka hortagga qashin-qubka EU-da, ay keeni doonto dharbaaxo xunxun shirkadaha Shiinaha ee sawir-qaadista.Ugu horreyntii, Midowga Yurub waxay u badan tahay in ay ku soo rogaan canshuur sare oo ku saabsan alaabada sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha, taasoo keenaysa shirkadaha sawir-qaadista ee waddankeyga inay lumiyaan faa'iidooyinkooda tartanka oo lagu qasbo inay ka baxaan suuqyada waaweyn;Marka labaad, dhibaatooyinka shaqada ee ay la kulmaan shirkadaha muhiimka ah ee sawir-qaadista waxay u horseedi doonaan inay kacmaan shirkadaha xiriirka la leh, amaahda bangiga oo dhaawacma, iyo shaqo la'aanta shaqaalaha.iyo dhibaatooyin bulsheed iyo mid dhaqaale oo aad u daran;Marka saddexaad, sida warshadaha istaraatiijiga ah ee waddankeyga soo baxaya, shirkadaha photovoltaic waxaa lagu xakameeyay ilaalinta ganacsiga, taas oo keeni doonta istiraatijiyadda dalkeyga ee isbeddelka hababka horumarinta dhaqaalaha iyo kobcinta dhibcaha kobaca dhaqaalaha cusub si ay u lumiyaan taageerada muhiimka ah;iyo afaraad, tillaabada Midowga Yurub waxay ku qasbi doontaa shirkadaha sawir-qaadista ee dalkayga inay warshado ka sameystaan dibadda, taasoo keenaysa in dhaqaalaha dhabta ah ee Shiinaha uu u guuro dibadda.
"Tani waxay noqon doontaa kiiska ilaalinta ganacsiga ee leh qiimaha ugu weyn, khatarta ugu ballaaran, iyo dhaawaca dhaqaale ee ugu weyn taariikhda adduunka.Ma aha oo kaliya in ay ka dhigan tahay in shirkadaha sawir qaade ee Shiinaha ay la kulmi doonaan masiibo, laakiin sidoo kale waxay si toos ah u horseedi doontaa luminta qiimaha wax soo saarka in ka badan 350 bilyan yuan, iyo in ka badan 200 bilyan yuan.Khatarta deymaha xun ee RMB waxay sababtay in ka badan 300,000 ilaa 500,000 oo qof inay waayaan shaqooyinkoodii isku mar."Liang Tian ayaa yidhi.
Ma jiro wax guulaysta dagaalka ganacsiga caalamiga ah.Muranka sawir-qaadista maaha kaliya Shiinaha.
Iyada oo laga jawaabayo dacwadda EU ee "ka-hortagga qashinka" ee ka dhanka ah warshadaha sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha, afartii shirkadood ee waaweyn ee sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha, oo ay hogaaminaysay Yingli, ayaa soo jeediyay "warbixin degdeg ah" oo loo gudbiyay Wasaaradda Ganacsiga in dalkaygu uu qaato iskudubarid "saddexmidnimo" iyo isku xirka dowladda, warshadaha iyo shirkadaha si loo sameeyo tallaabooyin ka hortag ah.cabbir."Warbixinta deg-degga ah" waxay ugu baaqaysaa Wasaaradda Ganacsiga Shiinaha, Wasaaradda Maaliyadda, Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda iyo xitaa hoggaamiyeyaasha heer qaran ee heer sare ah inay si dhakhso ah u bilaabaan la-tashi iyo wada-xaajoodyo ay la leeyihiin Midowga Yurub iyo dalalka ay khusayso, iyagoo ku boorriyay Midowga Yurub inay ka tanaasulaan baaritaanka.
Ma jiraan cid ku guulaysta dagaallada ganacsiga caalamiga ah.Afhayeenka Wasaaradda Ganacsiga Shen Danyang ayaa dhawaan ka jawaabtay soo saarista sawir-qaadista ee EU-da, isagoo leh: "Haddii Midowga Yurub uu ku soo rogo xannibaado alaabada sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha, waxaan aaminsanahay inay waxyeello u geysan doonto horumarinta guud ee warshadaha sawir-qaadista ee EU-da kor iyo hoosba, waxayna noqon doontaa wax u dhimaya horumarinta istaraatiijiyada kaarboon-yar ee Midowga Yurub., sidoo kale ma aha mid wax tar u leh wada shaqaynta ka dhaxaysa shirkadaha cadceedda ee labada dhinac, waxaana laga yaabaa in ay xabad cagaha ka dhufato.
Waxaa la fahamsan yahay in warshadaha tamarta ee loo yaqaan 'photovoltaic' iyo kuwa kale ee tamarta cusub ay horay u sameeyeen silsilad warshadeed oo heer caalami ah iyo silsilad qiimo leh, iyo dhammaan waddamada adduunka, oo ay ku jiraan waddamada Yurub iyo Ameerika, waxay ka tirsan yihiin bulshada danaha leh faa'iidooyin dhammaystiran.
Qaadashada sawir-qaadista tusaale ahaan, Midowga Yurub wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyin xagga cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta tignoolajiyada, alaabta ceeriin iyo soosaarka qalabka;halka Shiinuhu uu leeyahay faa'iidooyin xagga miisaanka iyo wax-soo-saarka, inta badan wax-soo-saarkiisuna wuxuu ku urursan yahay dhinaca qaybaha.Warshadaha sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha ayaa kor u qaaday horumarinta warshadaha la xidhiidha EU iyo adduunka, gaar ahaan wax soo saarka iyo dhoofinta alaabta ceeriin ee EU-da la xiriirta iyo qalabka Shiinaha.Xogta dadweynuhu waxay muujinaysaa in sanadkii 2011, Shiinuhu ka soo dhoofsaday US$764 milyan oo polysilicon ah oo ka timid Jarmalka, taas oo ka dhigan 20% soo dejinta Shiinaha ee alaabada la midka ah, soo dejinta US$ 360 milyan oo koollo qalin ah, oo ay ka soo iibsadeen ku dhawaad 18 bilyan yuan oo qalab wax soo saar ah Germany, Switzerland iyo wadamada kale ee Yurub., waxay kor u qaaday horumarinta warshadaha sare ee Yurub iyo kuwa hoose, waxayna u abuurtay in ka badan 300,000 shaqo EU.
Marka sawir-qaadista Shiinaha ay si adag u garaacdo, suuqa Yurub ee silsiladda warshadaha lama badbaadin doono.Iyada oo laga jawaabayo dacwad ka dhan ah qashin-qubka noocan oo kale ah oo "dhaawac u geystay boqol qof oo uu dhaawaco naftiisa siddeetan", shirkado badan oo sawir-qaade ah oo Yurub ah ayaa leh mowqif mucaarad ah oo cad.Ka dib shirkadda Munich WACKER, shirkadda Jarmalka ee Heraeus ayaa sidoo kale dhawaan muujisay sida ay uga soo horjeedo Midowga Yurub oo bilaabay baaritaan "laba jeer been abuur ah" oo ka dhan ah Shiinaha.Frank Heinricht, oo ah guddoomiyaha shirkadda, ayaa tilmaamay in soo rogida canshuuraha ciqaabta ay kaliya kicin doonto Shiinaha inay kaga jawaabto isla tillaabooyinkaas, taas oo uu aaminsan yahay inay tahay "xadgudub cad oo ku saabsan mabda'a tartanka xorta ah."
Sida iska cad, dagaalka ganacsiga ee warshadaha sawir-qaadista ayaa ugu dambeyntii horseedi doona "luminta-lumin", taas oo ah natiijada in xisbina uusan diyaar u ahayn inuu arko.
Shiinuhu waa inuu qaadaa tallaabooyin badan oo ka hortag ah si uu u qabsado hindisaha warshadaha tamarta cusub
"Shiinuhu maaha oo kaliya dhoofinta ganacsiga ugu weyn adduunka, laakiin sidoo kale waa soo dejinta labaad ee ganacsiga ugu weyn adduunka.Iyada oo laga jawaabayo khilaafaadka ganacsiga caalamiga ah ee ay kiciyeen waddamada qaarkood, Shiinuhu wuxuu leeyahay shuruudo uu ku qaado tillaabooyin u dhigma oo uu si firfircoon uga jawaabo."Liang Tian ayaa u sheegay warfidiyeenka in haddii waqtigan Midowga Yurub uu si guul leh u xareeyay kiis ka dhan ah qashin qubka oo ka dhan ah sawirka Shiinaha.Shiinuhu waa inuu sameeyaa "tallaabooyin is-dhaafsi ah".Tusaale ahaan, waxay dooran kartaa badeecadaha ganacsiga u dhoofinta Midowga Yurub ee Shiinaha kuwaas oo ku filan, ku lug leh daneeyayaal ku filan, ama si isku mid ah u ah tignoolajiyada sare iyo kuwa casriga ah, oo fulisa tallaabooyin liddi ku ah.Baaritaanka iyo xukunka "Double-reverse"
Liang Tian waxa uu aaminsan yahay in jawaabta Shiinaha ee 2009 kiiskii ilaalinta taayirka Shiinaha iyo Maraykanka ay siinayso tusaale guul leh ilaha tamarta cusub sida sawir-qaadista.Sannadkaas, madaxweynaha Maraykanka Obama waxa uu ku dhawaaqay saddex sano oo ganaax ah oo lagu soo rogay taayirada baabuurta iyo kuwa fudud ee laga keeno Shiinaha.Wasaaradda Ganacsiga ee Shiinaha ayaa go'aansatay in ay bilowdo dib u eegis "laba-laaban" ah oo ku saabsan qaar ka mid ah badeecadaha baabuurta laga keeno iyo alaabta broiler ee laga keeno Maraykanka.Markii danihiisa gaarka ah la dhibaateeyay, Mareykanku wuxuu doortay inuu tanaasul sameeyo.
Shi Lishan, oo ah agaasime ku-xigeenka Waaxda Tamarta Cusub iyo La cusboonaysiin karo ee Maamulka Tamarta Qaranka, ayaa aaminsan in laga soo bilaabo baaritaanadii hore ee "laba-laaban" ee Maraykanku ka bilaabay wax soo saarka tamarta dabaysha ee Shiinaha iyo shirkadaha sawir-qaadista ee EU-da "laba-laaban" dacwad ka dhanka ah shirkadaha Chinese photovoltaic, Tani ma aha oo kaliya dagaal bilaabay by Midowga Yurub ka dhanka ah tamarta cusub ee dalkayga sida warshadaha soo baxaya istaraatiijiyadeed, laakiin sidoo kale khilaaf ka dhexeeya dalalka tamarta cusub ee kacaanka warshadaha saddexaad.
Sida aan wada ognahay, labadii kacaan ee warshadaha ee ugu horreeyay taariikhda aadanaha waxay ku tiirsan yihiin horumarinta tamarta lafaha.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tamarta fosil ee aan la cusboonaysiin karin ayaa sababtay xiisado tamareed oo sii kordhaya iyo dhibaatooyinka deegaanka.Kacaankii saddexaad ee warshadaha, tamar cusub oo nadiif ah oo la cusboonaysiin karo ayaa abuurtay dhibco kobac dhaqaale oo cusub waxayna door aan la bedeli karin ka ciyaartay hagaajinta qaab dhismeedka tamarta.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, inta badan wadamada adduunka ayaa u arka horumarinta tamarta cusub inay tahay warshad istaraatiijiyadeed oo muhiim ah si loo kiciyo kobaca dhaqaalaha.Waxay ikhtiraaceen tignoolajiyada, siyaasadana soo kordhiyeen, maal galiyeen, iyagoo ku dadaalaya inay ka faa’iidaystaan fursadaha kacaankii warshadaha ee saddexaad.
Waxa la fahamsan yahay in horumarka tamarta dabaysha ee Shiinaha uu ka sarre maray Maraykanka oo uu ka galay kaalinta koowaad ee adduunka, warshadihiisa wax soo saarka tamarta dabayshana uu yahay waddanka ugu weyn adduunka;Warshadaha sawir-qaadista ee Shiinaha waxay hadda ka yihiin in ka badan 50% awoodda wax-soo-saarka adduunka, waxayna ku guuleysteen in la qarameeyo 70% qalabkooda.Sida ugu sarraysa faa'iidooyinka tamarta cusub, tamarta dabaysha iyo koronto-dhaliyaha sawir-qaadista ayaa la dhigay sida warshadaha istiraatiijiga ah ee Shiinaha ee soo baxaya.Waxay ka mid yihiin warshadaha yar ee dalkayga ee isku mar ka qayb qaadan kara tartanka caalamiga ah oo noqon kara heerka hogaaminta.Qaar ka mid ah dadka u dhuun daloola ayaa tilmaamay in Yurub iyo Maraykanku ay xakameynayaan warshadaha tamarta tamarta ee Shiinaha iyo kuwa dabaysha, macno ahaan, si loo xakameeyo horumarinta warshadaha istiraatijiyadeed ee Shiinaha ee soo ifbaxaya, loona hubiyo in Yurub iyo Mareykanka ay hoggaanka u qabtaan warshadaha istiraatiijiga ah ee mustaqbalka.
Iyadoo ay soo food saartay caqabado kaga imaanaya suuqyada caalamiga ah sida Yurub iyo Maraykanka, sidee ayay warshadaha tamarta cusub ee Shiinaha sida sawir-qaadista iyo tamarta dabaysha uga bixi karaan dhibaatada?Shi Lishan waxa uu aaminsan yahay in marka hore, ay tahay in aan qaadno tillaabooyin u dhigma si aan si firfircoon uga jawaabno caqabadaha oo aan ugu dadaalno hindisaha dagaalka ganacsiga caalamiga ah;Marka labaad, waa in aan xoogga saarno wax-soo-saarka gudaha suuqa gudaha, waa in aan dhisno warshad koronto-dhal ah iyo dabaysha wax soo saarka iyo nidaamka adeegga oo ku saleysan suuqa gudaha oo u janjeedha adduunka;Seddexaad, waa in la dardar geliyo dib-u-habaynta nidaamka tamarta gudaha, kobcinta suuq-koronto oo qaybsan, ugu dambayntiina aynu samayno hannaan horumarineed oo cusub oo waara oo ku salaysan suuqa gudaha una adeega suuqa caalamiga ah.Nidaamka warshadaha tamarta.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-18-2024